Security measures

Security: A Personal Calculation in Maputo and beyond

When it comes to safety in Maputo, security is a very personal issue, often closely related to individual fears and characteristics. The reality of insecurity across Maputo is multi-layered, ranging from pervasive petty crime to the severe threat of kidnapping for ransom targeting those perceived as wealthy.

This disparity in risk leads to highly varied personal responses to security:

• Some expats may feel "pretty safe" in upper-middle-class areas like Avenida Julius Nyerere, feeling that Maputo is like any other city in the world where safety depends on the location. 
• Others find the generalized threat landscape nerve-wracking. Due to the high risk of  crime and the unreliability of the police (who are often accused of corruption and extortion), these individuals may choose comprehensive private protection. The reliance on private security is widespread among foreign nationals and wealthy individuals. This includes living in gated compounds, employing security guards, and obtaining Kidnap and Ransom (K&R) insurance which provides 24/7 access to crisis response consultants.

Ultimately, the best strategy is based on an individual risk assessment. Whether you adopt a low-profile approach, focusing on situational awareness, or invest heavily in a secure living environment and specialized protection, the appropriate security strategy is an individual one that aligns with your comfort level and risk tolerance.

Safety, Gated Communities, and Private Guards in Maputo

Maputo is an attractive and vibrant city, offering a relaxed atmosphere, beautiful beaches, and a unique blend of African and Portuguese culture. However, navigating life here requires an honest appraisal of the security situation and adopting necessary precautions, especially concerning accommodation.

For expatriates, securing adequate and safe accommodation can be quite challenging. Due to pervasive security concerns and limited effectiveness of public security services, expats almost universally rely on private security measures, notably gated communities and private security guards.

The Security Reality in Maputo

Mozambique is generally classified as a High Risk destination overall. While some residents feel Maputo is not as dangerous as neighboring cities like Johannesburg, crime rates in the capital and other major urban areas have increased in recent years.

Common Threats for Expats

Foreigners are often targets for crime due to their perceived wealth. Key security threats include:

1. Petty Crime: This is common, particularly in Maputo, markets, and crowded urban areas. Crimes are often non-violent and opportunistic, including pickpocketing, bag-snatching, and theft of unattended possessions.
2. Violent Crime: Armed robbery and violent carjackings are known to occur in the capital. Drivers are advised to keep doors locked and windows closed while driving and be especially vigilant when arriving at or leaving residential properties after dark.
3. Kidnapping for Ransom: There is an enduring kidnap-for-ransom problem in Mozambique. Kidnapping for financial gain happens in larger cities like Maputo. Victims are generally wealthy businessmen or individuals perceived as wealthy, including foreigners. This activity is typically motivated by criminality and often occurs during the day.

The Failure of the Public Safety Net

The fundamental reason expats turn to private security is the widespread inefficiency and lack of trust in the national law enforcement agencies.

• Ineffectiveness and Under-resourcing: The national police service (Polícia da República da Moçambique—PRM) is frequently characterized as inefficient, unprofessional, and lacking the essential training and equipment needed to combat high crime rates. Police stations often lack basic infrastructure like radios and vehicles, and security posts are commonly unmanned.
• Corruption and Extortion: The policing service is regarded as one of the most corrupt institutions in the country. Officers, who are typically poorly paid, will often attempt to extort money/bribes for performing the most rudimentary duties. Visitors are advised to watch out for police officers asking for bribes at checkpoints. If you are threatened or asked for a bribe, it is advisable to ask for the relevant documentation and state your intent to settle the issue at the nearest local court.

The Expat Solution: Private Security and Gated Communities

Given the unreliability of the public police response, especially outside of Maputo, foreign nationals generally rely on private security for their protection. This reliance is widespread and impacts housing choices.

Gated Communities and Secure Compounds

Gated communities or residences with security guards are common choices for expats concerned about safety. Many foreign families live in secure compounds. This housing setup is favored because it provides:

• Improved Infrastructure: Expat-favored neighborhoods like Polana and Sommerschield are known for their enhanced security measures and higher-end living standards.
• Safety Assurance: The rising demand for effective security solutions among households and businesses presents lucrative opportunities for private security companies.

Reliance on Private Guards

The growing use of private security services is a direct response to the lack of economic opportunity for average Mozambicans, with resentment sometimes expressed because private security is denounced as the preserve of the wealthy.

Expats should be aware that, while this private security is essential for safety, there is reported anxiety among civil society over the capacity of the Mozambican government to monitor and inspect private security companies effectively.

Final Security Recommendations

To minimize risk and ensure a safe stay in Maputo, incorporate the following practices:

• Be Discreet: Avoid ostentatious displays of wealth, as foreigners may be targeted for their perceived affluence.
• Choose Secure Lodging: Prioritize residences in expat-popular areas that have adequate security systems or guards.
• Be Vigilant at Night: Avoid walking alone after dark or in less crowded/poorly lit areas. Avoid all but emergency travel between sunset and sunrise.
• Adhere to Security Guidelines: If you work in Mozambique, always follow your employer's security guidelines.

Choosing a secure residence in Maputo is akin to building a castle wall around your home. You must rely on professional builders (private security) because the municipal protection services are too unreliable to keep the gate safe..

Choosing the adequate neighborhood in Maputo  

Renting accommodation in Mozambique can be challenging due to a shortage of adequate long-term housing that meets Western standards for luxury and utilities. For expatriates in Maputo, choosing a neighborhood is a balance between security, high-end amenities, cost, and access to international facilities.

Maputo is geographically divided into the Cidade cimento (colonial area closest to the sea, where expats and high-income locals live) and the Canio (stretching inland, home to the local population). The rental prices are extremely sensitive to location; the better the location in terms of proximity to services and infrastructure, the higher the rent price.

Here is a guide to the best locations and neighborhoods in Maputo based on key expat criteria:

1. Premium Expat Hubs: Security and Amenities

These neighborhoods are the preferred choice for expatriate families, corporate clients, and diplomats who require high security, proximity to international amenities, and superior infrastructure.

Neighborhood Rent/Cost Security & Access Key Facilities
Polana Cimento Commands premium rates. Averages $442/month for a 1-bedroom apartment in the city center and $802/month for a 3-bedroom unit. Considered one of the safer areas in Maputo. Offers excellent security and is frequently sought after by expats. Easily accessible to downtown attractions via short walks or chapa (minibus) rides. Known for its upscale ambiance, luxury hotels (like the Polana Serena Hotel), numerous embassies, and international schools. Features high-end restaurants and the Polana Shopping Center. Located along Avenida Julius Nyerere.
Sommerschield (I & II) Represents the premium rental district. Rent is high, comparable to Polana Cimento. Luxury villas can reach $2,000 to $3,000 per month for long-term rentals. An upscale residential area with a strong reputation for safety, often leading expats to choose residences with security guards or gated compounds. Maintains low vacancy rates (below 5–8%) due to consistent expat demand. Ideal for families and professionals due to its proximity to international schools and business hubs. Known for its tranquil atmosphere, beautiful villas, embassies, and the family-friendly Cronistas Park. Lenmed Maputo Private Hospital is located in Sommerschield II.

2. Central, Established, and Value Options

These areas offer a mix of convenience, central location, and access to essential services, often serving professionals who prioritize short commutes.

• COOP (Municipal District No. 1): This neighborhood is well-established and centrally located in Maputo. It serves as a practical residential and commercial hub, offering excellent accessibility to public transport and major city avenues. COOP attracts a diverse population, including families and professionals, and offers quick access to downtown Maputo's business, administrative, and cultural attractions. It is home to AYAmed, a private healthcare provider specializing in general practice.
• Central (Central A/B/C): Located near Polana and Sommerschield, the city center maintains strong rental demand due to competitive pricing and proximity to urban amenities and business districts. Apartments here typically attract corporate tenants.
• Alto Maé and Malhangalene: These areas, parts of Municipal District No. 1 and No. 2, respectively, offer cheaper and more affordable houses where rent can vary from $200 USD to $400 USD.

3. Key Issues Pertaining to Security, Access, and Facilities

When selecting accommodation in Maputo, several crucial factors related to infrastructure and safety must be considered, regardless of the neighborhood:

Security

• Private Security is Essential: Foreign nationals often rely on private security services for protection due to the perception that the national police force (Polícia da República da Moçambique—PRM) is inefficient, unprofessional, and often accused of corruption.
• Petty Crime Hotspots: Petty theft (pickpocketing, bag-snatching) is common, especially in crowded urban areas and markets. Caution is particularly advised in areas like Baixa (downtown markets).

Access and Infrastructure

• Roads and Traffic: Traffic volumes in and around Maputo can be horrendous during rush hours (7 am–10 am and 3 pm–7 pm). Roads in the city are generally poor.
• Expat Transport: While public transport (chapas) is cheap (MZN 20 for a local ticket), it is often seen as unreliable and sometimes unsafe. Expats usually rely on taxis or private vehicles.
• Internet Access: Maputo has competitive internet service providers. Tvcabo is considered the best and fastest option, with "yes!" offering fiber similar to Tvcabo.