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Mozambique GDP

Mozambique  has experienced a dramatic transformation in its economic landscape over the years. The country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has mirrored its tumultuous history, with periods of significant growth and substantial setbacks, largely driven by political and economic factors, as well as external influences.

Historical Background

Mozambique's economic history can be divided into several distinct periods. Upon gaining independence from Portugal in 1975 after a protracted liberation struggle, the country adopted a socialist economic model, characterized by nationalization and central planning. This period was marked by internal conflict, as the post-independence government faced a civil war that lasted until 1992, and undoubtedly constrained economic development.

In the early 1990s, following the end of the civil war, Mozambique began transitioning to a market-oriented economy, with economic reforms including privatization of state enterprises and the encouragement of foreign direct investment (FDI). However, progress was derailed by significant flooding in 2000 and 2001, which caused widespread damage to infrastructure and agricultural production, underlining the vulnerability of the economy to natural disasters.

GDP Development

According to the World Bank, post-conflict reconstruction and reform fueled rapid economic growth, with GDP growth averaging around 8% from the late 1990s to the 2000s. This growth was driven in part by substantial aid inflows and investment in large-scale projects in natural resource sectors, particularly in aluminum and energy production.

Mozambique's GDP composition has seen shifts from a heavy reliance on agriculture, which employs the majority of the workforce, to more diverse contributions from the services and industry sectors. The discovery of large natural gas fields in the Rovuma Basin has poised Mozambique for a potential economic transformation. The development of these fields could turn Mozambique into a significant global liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter.

Recent Statistics and Data Sources

The latest data from the National Institute of Statistics of Mozambique (INE) and the World Bank show that Mozambique's GDP in 2020 was approximately $15 billion USD. Unfortunately, GDP saw a contraction in 2020, which can be attributed to multiple factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, repeated militant attacks in the northern province, and natural disasters, all of which hindered economic activity.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s World Economic Outlook Database lists Mozambique's GDP at current prices in 2019 as $15.293 billion USD. The dataset delineates sectors contributing to the GDP with agriculture at 24.6%, industry at 20.9%, and services at 44.4%, as of latest available data.

Challenges and Outlook

Mozambique's GDP growth has faced several challenges, including political instability, corruption, and an underdeveloped business environment that can deter investment and trade. Additionally, the country's high levels of external debt also pose a significant challenge.

The devastation of Cyclone Idai in 2019, one of the worst tropical cyclones to hit Africa, caused billions of dollars in damage and hampered economic recovery. The country also faces recurring security concerns, particularly in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, where insurgent activities disrupt one of the nation's key economic regions.

Despite these challenges, the outlook for Mozambique's economy is cautiously optimistic if it can surmount its current security and governance issues. The potential from the natural gas sector could drive a new era of economic development. The IMF projects a rebound in economic growth as the pandemic's effect fades and major natural gas projects advance towards production slated to commence around 2024.


Mozambique's GDP reflects a nation with immense potential that is simultaneously grappling with its historical legacy and contemporary challenges. The development of its natural gas resources presents an opportunity for Mozambique to establish itself as a major LNG producer, fostering economic growth that could support poverty alleviation and broader developmental goals.Nevertheless, for sustained economic growth, Mozambique will need to address governance issues, ensure the benefits of natural resources are equitably distributed, and continue to create a business environment conducive to domestic and foreign investment. Continued collaboration with the international community and multilateral organizations, as well as steadfast adherence to sound economic policies, will be critical for Mozambique to achieve its full economic potential.

Statistic: Mozambique: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 1989 to 2029 (in billion U.S. dollars) | Statista
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Mozambique's GDP Growth Forecast: 2024-2029

Economic Trend Analysis The gross domestic product (GDP) in Mozambique is projected to witness a robust increase between the years 2024 and 2029. Specifically, the GDP in current prices is expected to rise by approximately 15.9 billion U.S. dollars over this period, marking a 69.19 percent growth. This continuous upward trend indicates sustained economic momentum for Mozambique.

Yearly Incremental Growth This period of growth represents the ninth consecutive year of increasing GDP, suggesting a prolonged period of economic expansion. With the GDP set to reach an estimated value of 38.92 billion U.S. dollars by 2029, Mozambique is poised to achieve a new peak in its economic output. This steady increase in GDP highlights not only the resilience of the country's economy but also the effectiveness of its economic policies and strategic investments.

GDP Calculation Methodology The forecasted GDP values are calculated using current prices. This means that the figures represent the nominal GDP without adjusting for inflation. The values are derived by converting Mozambique's GDP from its national currency to U.S. dollars using market exchange rates (yearly average). This method provides a consistent way to compare economic performance across countries and over time.

Understanding GDP It's essential to comprehend what GDP signifies in this context. The gross domestic product represents the total monetary value of all the final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given year. This indicator is a comprehensive measure of a country's overall economic activity and health. A rising GDP typically reflects increased production, consumption, investment, and trade activities, contributing to economic growth.

Implications of GDP Growth

Economic Development Continued GDP growth positions Mozambique on an encouraging path towards enhanced economic development. It suggests potential improvements in living standards, job creation, and investment opportunities. Sustained economic growth can lead to better infrastructure, health care, education, and social services for the populace.

Investment Attraction A growing GDP can attract foreign direct investment (FDI) as it indicates a thriving and stable economy. Investors often seek opportunities in expanding markets where they can benefit from growth trends. Mozambique's increasing GDP could therefore boost investor confidence and contribute to further economic diversification.

Policy Formulation For policymakers, understanding the components driving GDP growth is crucial. By identifying sectors that are performing well and those that require support, they can implement targeted policies to sustain and enhance economic growth. Sectoral analysis might reveal that industries such as natural resources, agriculture, manufacturing, or services significantly contribute to GDP growth.

Challenges and Considerations While a rising GDP is a positive sign, it is vital to consider potential challenges:

  • Inflation: While current prices provide a snapshot of growth, inflation can impact purchasing power and real economic well-being, necessitating balanced economic policies.
  • External Factors: Global market fluctuations, commodity prices, and geopolitical dynamics can influence the GDP trajectory.

  • Inclusive Growth: Ensuring that economic growth benefits all sections of society is essential for long-term sustainability and social stability.

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