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Mozambique - Mining and Minerals

Mozambique is one of Africa's most resource-rich nations, with vast mineral reserves that play a central role in its economy and growing importance in global supply chains. From graphite and tantalum to heavy mineral sands, coal, and gemstones, the country's mining industry is both diverse and strategically significant.

Key Minerals and Resources

  • Graphite
    Mozambique is a global powerhouse in graphite production, ranking among the top five producers worldwide. The Balama mine in Cabo Delgado, operated by Syrah Resources, is the world's largest high-grade graphite deposit. This mineral is in high demand for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, making Mozambique a critical player in the global energy transition.

  • Tantalum and Beryllium
    Mozambique holds some of the largest known reserves of tantalite, essential for electronics and alloys. The Morrua and Muiane deposits have long been of interest for potential large-scale production. The country also contributes to global beryllium supply, vital for aerospace and defense technologies.

  • Heavy Mineral Sands (Titanium, Zircon, Rutile)
    Rich deposits of ilmenite, rutile, and zircon are found in Zambézia and Nampula provinces. The Moma mine, operated by Kenmare Resources, is one of the world's leading producers of titanium feedstocks, crucial for paints, plastics, and aerospace applications.

  • Coal
    Mozambique's Tete Province holds massive coal reserves, particularly in the Moatize Basin. While global coal demand faces challenges from decarbonization, Mozambique's reserves remain important for regional power generation and steel production, with exports mainly to Asia.

  • Gemstones and Gold
    Mozambique is famous for rubies, particularly from the Montepuez region, where Gemfields has invested heavily. The country also has artisanal and small-scale gold mining, which the government is working to formalize and regulate.

Economic Contribution

  • Mining has grown from 1.2% of Mozambique's GDP in 2010 to nearly 10% by 2020, becoming a cornerstone of economic growth.

  • The sector attracts foreign direct investment (FDI), generating thousands of jobs and stimulating infrastructure development such as ports, railways, and roads.

  • Exports of aluminium, graphite, coal, and titanium provide significant foreign exchange earnings, with graphite and heavy mineral sands tied closely to green technologies.